Interkulturalitas dalam Pendidikan Multibahasa
Studi Perbandingan di Indonesia dan Negara ASEAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71094/mandalawidya.v1i2.91Keywords:
Multilingualism;, Multicultural;, Education; , ASEAN;, PolicyAbstract
The phenomenon of multilingualism in the ASEAN region reflects the dynamic interplay between local, national, and international languages, shaping social identities while simultaneously influencing educational policy. This study offers a comparative analysis of multilingual education policies and practices in Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand, highlighting the integration of regional languages, the use of instructional languages in schools, and the structural challenges faced by each country. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach based on an extensive review of the literature, the research finds that Indonesia’s primary obstacles include disparities in educational resources, limited training for regional-language teachers, and the absence of a consistent curriculum for preserving local languages. In contrast, Singapore and Malaysia demonstrate notable success in implementing bilingual policies through structured integration of national languages with English. Thailand, meanwhile, continues to experience substantial gaps between urban and rural areas in the teaching and learning of English. The study’s findings underscore that the effectiveness of multilingual education depends on integrated policy frameworks, strengthened teacher training, the development of culturally grounded learning materials, and strategies capable of addressing social and geographical disparities. This research contributes to advancing inclusive and sustainable models of multilingual education across the ASEAN region.
References
Abduh, A. (2021). Enhancing students’ intercultural communication knowledge through English department students in Indonesia. Asian Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Education, 9(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.55317/ajmme.v9i1.12
Ardiyanti, S., & Pulthinka Nur Hanip, S. (2022). Pendidikan Nilai Melalui Bahan Ajar Muatan Lokal Budaya Sasak Pada Anak Usia Dini Di Lombok. Early Childhood: Jurnal Pendidikan, 6(2), 50–64. https://doi.org/10.35568/earlychildhood.v6i2.2476
Arphattananon, T. (2021). Multi-lingual and multicultural education in globalizing Southeast Asia. ASEAS - Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 14(2), 149–153. https://doi.org/10.14764/10.ASEAS-0064
Belarbi, K., & Belaid, L. (2025). Multilingual practices in the linguistic landscape: Insights into linguistic repertoires and language policy. International Journal of Multilingual Education, 26(1), 42–54. https://doi.org/10.16923/ijme.v26i1.42
Cahyawijaya, S., dkk. (2025). Crowdsource, Crawl, or Generate? Creating SEA-VL, a Multicultural Vision-Language Dataset for Southeast Asia. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.07920
Cai, Q.-Y. (2025). Formative quizzes in L2 Chinese classrooms: Effects on summative assessment outcomes. International Journal of Multilingual Education, 26(1), 72–92. https://doi.org/10.16923/ijme.v26i1.72
Carley Rizzuto, K., Steiner, L. M., & Zambak, V. S. (2025). A music and movement program to enhance multilingual learners' phonemic awareness skills. International Journal of Multilingual Education, 26(1), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.16923/ijme.v26i1.55
Deterding, D. (2020). Intercultural communication in Asia: Education, language and values. Asian Englishes, 45(10), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13488678.2019.1640456
Gevorgyan, S. (2024). The Use of Adaptive Learning Technologies in e-Learning for Inclusive Education: A Systematic Review. 2, 90–107.
Gunawan, W. (2025). The challenges of implementing multilingual education in Luwu Timur, South Sulawesi. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 45(10), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2025.2002333
Harahap, N. S. G. (2024). Metode penelitian: Panduan komprehensif. Media Penerbit Indonesia. https://repository.mediapenerbitindonesia.com/358/1/7.%20K%2073%20-%20Metode%20Penelitian%20Panduan%20Komprehensif.pdf
Ilyasin, M. (2019). Inovasi Manajemen Pendidikan di Madrasah Tsanawiyan Negeri Model Samarinda. Fenomena, 11(2), 91–106. https://doi.org/10.21093/fj.v11i1.1917
Karoso, S. (2024). Transformation of Cultural Arts Education in Indonesia: Combining Technological Innovation and Adaptability in the Era of Globalisation. Education and Human Development Journal, 9(1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.33086/ehdj.v9i1.5673
Kurniawan, L., dkk. (2024). Green Education Untuk Mengembangkan Karakter Entrepreneurship Siswa/i Lembaga Bimbingan Belajar Pelajar D’King Study. 2(2), 1–9.
Kusmayadi, I. M., Sirait, R. A., & Anwar, R. K. (2025). The Green ASEAN Culture Festival as a strategic educational instrument for enhancing intercultural communicative competence. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 25(3), 1185–1201. https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v25i3.1185
Lee, H. Y. (2023). Language and education policies in Southeast Asia. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 45(10), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2025.2002333
Lider, G., & Dantes, N. (2019). Pengaruh Pendekatan Pembelajaran Kontekstual Bermuatan Nilai Budaya dan Karakter Bangsa terhadap Hasil Belajar Ditinjau dari Sikap Demokrasi Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan. Indonesian Values and Character Education Journal, 1(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.23887/ivcej.v1i1.20301
Linda, F. K. R. (2020). Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Pembelajaran Sekolah Dasar. SHEs: Conference, 3(3), 2013–2015.
Luo, C. (2024). Linguistic diversity in Southeast Asia and its impact on multilingual education. International Journal of Frontiers in Sociology, 6(1), 61–66. https://doi.org/10.25236/IJFS.2024.060112
Moussons: Recherche en sciences humaines sur l’Asie du Sud-Est. (2025). Local languages and education in Southeast Asia. Moussons, 45, 7–25. https://doi.org/10.4000/147jm
Mulianah, B. (2023). Curriculum Of Islamic Education in The Context of Free Learning: A Critical Study. November, 865–882. https://doi.org/10.30868/ei.v12i04.7388
Nastiti, D., & Sari, L. A. (2023). Pengembangan Buku Pendidikan Pancasila Dan Kewarganegaraan Berwawasan Nusantara Untuk SD Kelas III Guna Memperkuat Profil Pelajar Pancasila. Prima Magistra: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 4(4), 568–578. https://doi.org/10.37478/jpm.v4i4.3138
Nawir, D., dkk. (2025). Metode penelitian ilmiah. PT. Global Teras Fana. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/395688208_Metode_Penelitian_Ilmiah
Pakir, A. (1993). Developments in bilingual education in ASEAN: Language policies and practices in Singapore, Malaysia, and Brunei Darussalam. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 25(7), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/07908319309525152
Pakpahan, A. F., dkk. (2021). Metodologi penelitian ilmiah. Yayasan Kita Menulis. https://repository.unai.edu/id/eprint/656/1/%5BIII.A.1.a.2.10%5D%20FullBook%20Metodologi%20Penelitian%20Ilmiah.pdf
Pelila, J. R. O., Basilio, G. B., Guiniguin, R. M. S., & Daongan, A. K. (2025). Bilingual education in Asia: Language use, academic impact, and recommendations for effective practices. Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 2(1), 69–82. https://doi.org/10.56916/jmrd.v2i1.1021
Prihadi, B., Rohidi, T. R., & Retnowati, T. H. (2019). The Existence and Practice of Art For Children (AFC) Yogyakarta as A Non-Formal Art Education. Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education, 18(2), 143–152. https://doi.org/10.15294/harmonia.v18i2.17052
Putri, T. L. D., Adha, M. M., & Putri, D. S. (2023). Pengaruh Pembelajaran Daring terhadap Literasi Baca dan Kompetensi Kewarganegaraan Mahasiswa Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan. Pedagogi : Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 3(1), 24–29. https://doi.org/10.56393/pedagogi.v3i1.1067
Rahmawati, A. N., Subiyantoro, S., & Widiyastuti, E. (2020). The Role of Art Education Through the Learning of Traditional Dance in Elementary School. 421(Icalc 2019), 8–14. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200323.002
Saearani, M. F. T. bin. (2014). Non-Formal Education As Culture Transformation Agent Towards the Development of Clasical Court Dance in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. International Journal of Education and Research, 2(5), 43–52. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/298402-the-legitimacy-of-classical-dance-gagrag-ad94590a.pdf
Sakti, S. A., Endraswara, S., & Rohman, A. (2024). Integrating Local Cultural Values into Early Childhood Education to Promote Character Building. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 23(7), 84–101. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.7.5
Salem-Gervais, N. (2025). Local languages and education in Southeast Asia: Framing the special issue. Moussons, 45, 7–25. https://doi.org/10.4000/147jm
Santos, R. C. (2025). The analysis of intercultural bilingual education in indigenous communities of the Amazon region. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 25(2), 1138–1152. https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v25i2.1138
Setyowati, N. (2022). Interkoneksi agama, sosial dan budaya dalam pendidikan Islam. Journal of Islamic Education and Innovation, 3(1), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.26555/jiei.v3i1.6086
Suryadmaja, G. (2025). Sosiologi Seni: Memahami Interaksi Antara Seni dan Masyarakat. In D. P. Ningsih (Ed.), PT Rajawali Media Utama (I). PT Rajawali Media Utama.
Suryadmaja, G., Ardiyansyah, L., & Purwati, D. (2015). Mengoptimalkan Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa Melalui Pengembangan Media Rumah Cerita Pada Mata Kuliah Tata Teknik Pentas Prodi Pendidikan Sendratasik UNU NTB. Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Education, 1(2), 290–301. https://doi.org/MENGOPTIMALKAN HASIL BELAJAR
Syahza, A. (2021). Metodologi penelitian. Universitas Riau. https://almasdi.staff.unri.ac.id/files/2021/09/Buku-Metopel-2021-ISBN-978-623-255-107-7.pdf
Trudell, B. (2014). The multilingual education (MLE) network phenomenon: Advocacy and action for minoritized language communities. Multilingual Education, 4(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13616-014-0017-y
Winataputra, Udin Saripudin. 2012. Jati Diri Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan sebagai Wahana Sistemik Pendidikan Demokrasi: Suatu Kajian Konseptual dalam Konteks Pendidikan IPS. Jurnal Pendidikan Program Pascasarjana, Vol. 1 Nomor 1, Februari 2012, hal. 3975.
Wulandari Arifin, N., & Nurul Hidayah, A. (2023). Evaluasi Program Pembelajaran Literasi Multibahasa di Sekolah Dasar. Buletin Ilmiah Pendidikan, 2(1), 151–157. https://doi.org/10.56916/bip.v2i1.703
Zohdi, A., Ali, L. U., & Ibrahim, N. (2023). The education values and motivation behind violence in the tradition of the Sasak Tribe in Indonesia. ETNOSIA: Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia, 8(1), 102–115. https://doi.org/10.31947/etnosia.v8i1.26670
Zsögön, M. C. (2025). Between assimilation and recognition of Indigenous Peoples: The role of intercultural bilingual education in Latin America. International Journal of Social Pedagogy, 14(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2025.v14.x.002
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Dwita Laksmita Rachmawati, Ascosenda Ika Rizqi, Usrien Malikha
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
