Literature Review: Dampak Kedekatan Orang Tua terhadap Kesehatan Mental dan Sosial Anak di Era Digital

Abstract

The rapid advancement of digital technology has profoundly transformed how children interact with media, peers, and parents, creating both opportunities and challenges in parenting. This article systematically reviews the role of parent–child closeness in promoting children’s mental health and social development in the digital era. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, analyzing 20 academic articles, international reports, and relevant meta-analyses. Findings highlight that emotional closeness between parents and children serves as a protective factor for mental health, fostering emotion regulation, reducing anxiety, and lowering the risk of depression. Parental warmth also enhances children’s social competence, empathy, and peer relationships. However, parenting faces increasing challenges due to excessive screen time, intensive social media use, and shifting family communication patterns. The concept of digital parenting emerges as a key strategy, with communication-based mediation proving more effective than restrictive approaches. Practical implications emphasize the need to strengthen parents’ digital literacy and communication skills, develop family-based interventions by mental health professionals, and foster school–parent collaboration to support children’s development. Theoretically, this study expands attachment theory by integrating digital dimensions into modern parenting contexts. Thus, parent-child closeness remains a cornerstone for children’s mental health and social well-being, while providing a conceptual foundation for integrative models in the digital age.