Implementasi Virtual Laboratory dalam Praktikum Anatomi dan Fisiologi Manusia: Literature Review terhadap Efektivitas Pembelajaran di Pendidikan Kesehatan
Keywords:
anatomi, efektivitas pembelajaran, fisiologi manusia, pendidikan kesehatan, virtual laboratoryAbstract
Praktikum anatomi dan fisiologi manusia merupakan komponen esensial dalam pendidikan kesehatan. Namun, penyelenggaraan praktikum sering terkendala oleh keterbatasan fasilitas, tingginya biaya, serta isu etika dalam penggunaan kadaver. Transformasi digital dalam pendidikan menawarkan solusi melalui penerapan virtual laboratory (VL) sebagai media alternatif yang interaktif dan fleksibel. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi VL dalam praktikum anatomi dan fisiologi manusia serta mengevaluasi efektivitasnya dalam mendukung capaian pembelajaran kognitif, psikomotorik, dan afektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan menelaah 28 artikel yang dipublikasikan antara 2012–2025, mencakup sumber internasional dan nasional. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa VL mampu meningkatkan pemahaman kognitif, motivasi, dan kepuasan mahasiswa secara signifikan. Meskipun demikian, keterampilan psikomotorik berbasis praktik langsung tetap lebih optimal diperoleh melalui laboratorium konvensional. Oleh karena itu, penerapan VL sebaiknya dikombinasikan dengan praktikum tradisional dalam kerangka blended laboratory. Artikel ini merekomendasikan pengembangan VL berbasis AR/VR yang kontekstual dengan kebutuhan pendidikan kesehatan di Indonesia.
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