Adaptasi Sosial Keagamaan: Analisis Budaya Pisuke dalam Pernikahan Masyarakat Suku Sasak di Lombok

Abstract

This study explores the socio-religious adaptation of the Pisuke tradition within the marriage customs of the Sasak tribe in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Pisuke is a mandatory customary payment provided by the groom's family to the bride's family, functioning separately from the Islamic mahar (dowry). Often misinterpreted as a transactional purchase, this research re-evaluates Pisuke as a mechanism for social stabilization, parental appreciation, and cultural-religious synchronization. Utilizing a qualitative ethnographic approach, data were gathered through field observations, in-depth interviews with traditional leaders (Tokoh Adat) and religious figures (Tuan Guru), and a comprehensive literature review. The findings reveal that Pisuke serves dual functions: as "Penggenti Lempot" (repayment for parental care) and "Uang Begawe" (contribution to communal wedding feasts). Sociologically, the determination of Pisuke has shifted from purely aristocratic caste systems (Aji Krame) to a meritocratic model based on the bride’s educational attainment, reflecting a modernization of traditional values. From an Islamic legal perspective (Uṣūl al-Fiqh), Pisuke is classified as Urf Shahih (valid custom) provided it adheres to the principles of mutual consent (al-ridā) and does not impose extreme financial hardship (masyaqqah). The study concludes that Pisuke represents a successful adaptation where local wisdom and Islamic values coexist to uphold the dignity of women and strengthen social cohesion within Sasak society.