Peran Olahraga dalam Mendukung Kesehatan Mental dan Well-Being: Tinjauan Sistematis Literatur Review

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of mental health disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, demands interventions that are effective, affordable, and sustainable. Although sport and physical activity have been recognised for their psychological benefits, empirical findings demonstrate variations in effectiveness as well as a lack of integrative synthesis concerning mental health and well-being dimensions. This study aims to comprehensively synthesise the role of sport and physical activity in enhancing mental health and well-being through a systematic literature review approach. The research method followed the PRISMA guidelines, with articles retrieved from the Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases covering the period 2020–2025, and analysed using thematic narrative synthesis. The findings indicate that sport and physical activity exert a strong effect in reducing depression and a moderate effect in alleviating anxiety and improving well-being, with effectiveness influenced by the type of activity, intensity, frequency, and individual characteristics. In particular, mind–body-based activities demonstrate superiority in emotional regulation and quality of life enhancement. This study confirms that sport and physical activity function as an integrated biopsychosocial intervention rather than merely a form of physical exercise. Therefore, the integration of sport and physical activity into promotive and preventive mental health strategies should be implemented in a contextual, adaptive, and evidence-based manner.