Ukap Verbal Keagamaan Negara Indonesia Dan Negara Australia

Abstract

This study analyzes religious verbal expressions in Indonesia and Australia to reveal differences in religious orientations in the public sphere. Data were collected from official documents such as identity cards, oaths of office, banknotes, national holidays, and state speeches, as well as oral practices like greetings. Using observation, interviews, and linguistic-anthropological analysis, the study shows that Indonesia explicitly embeds religion in public life, while Australia applies secular principles with neutral expressions. The findings highlight how language reflects distinct relations between religion, culture, and state ideology in both contexts.